Kanthal AF huila 837 resistohm alchrome Y fecral alloy

ʻO Kanthal AF kahi hao-chromium-aluminium alloy ferritic (FeCrAl alloy) no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mahana a hiki i 1300°C (2370°F). Hōʻike ʻia ka alloy e ke kūpaʻa oxidation maikaʻi loa a me ke ʻano kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa e hopena ai i ke ola o ka element lōʻihi.

Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ʻo Kan-thal AF i nā mea hoʻomehana uila i loko o nā umu ahi a me nā mea hana hale.

ʻO ka laʻana o nā noi i ka ʻoihana mea hana i nā mea mika hamama no nā toasters, nā mea maloʻo lauoho, i nā mea ʻano meander no nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa peʻa a me nā mea coil hāmama ma ka fiber insulating mea i loko o nā aniani ceramic top heaters ma nā pae, i nā mea hoʻomehana seramika no ka paila ʻana i nā pā, coils ma luna o ka pulupulu i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia no ka kuke ʻana i nā pā me nā hobs seramika, i nā mea wili i hoʻokuʻu ʻia no nā mea hoʻomehana peʻa, i nā mea uea pololei i hoʻokuʻu ʻia no nā radiators, convection heaters, i nā mea porcupine no nā pū wela wela, radiators, tumble dryers.

Ma ka haʻawina i kēia manawa, ua wehewehe ʻia ke ʻano hana ʻino o ka FeCrAl alloy kalepa (Kanthal AF) i ka wā o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kinoea nitrogen (4.6) ma 900 °C a me 1200 °C. Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo Isothermal a me thermo-cyclic me ka nui o nā manawa hōʻike, ka nui o ka hoʻomehana ʻana, a me nā mahana annealing. Ua hana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka oxidation i ka ea a me ke kinoea nitrogen e ka thermogravimetric analysis. Hōʻike ʻia ka microstructure e ka scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), a me ka nānā ʻana i ka ion beam (FIB-EDX). Hōʻike nā hopena i ka piʻi ʻana o ka corrosion ma o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā wahi nitridation subsurface localized, i haku ʻia me nā ʻāpana ʻāpana AlN, e hōʻemi ana i ka hana alumini a hoʻoulu i ka embrittlement a me ka spallation. ʻO nā kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o Al-nitride a me ka ulu ʻana o ka unahi Al-oxide e pili ana i ka mahana annealing a me ka helu wela. Ua ʻike ʻia he ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka nitridation o ka alloy FeCrAl ma mua o ka oxidation i ka wā annealing i loko o ke kinoea nitrogen me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa oxygen haʻahaʻa a hōʻike i ke kumu nui o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana.

Introduction FeCrAl-based alloys (Kanthal AF ®) ua kaulana no ko lakou pale ana i ka oxidation ma na wela kiekie. ʻO kēia waiwai maikaʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka unahi alumina thermodynamically stable ma luna o ka ʻili, kahi e pale ai i ka mea mai ka hoʻoneʻe hou ʻana [1]. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, hiki ke kaupalena ʻia ke ola o nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia mai FeCrAl-based alloys inā ʻike pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpana i ke kaʻa uila ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe [2]. ʻO kekahi kumu o kēia, ʻo ia ka pau ʻana o ka mea hana unahi, aluminika, i loko o ka matrix alloy ma lalo o ka ʻāina ma muli o ka haʻi pinepine ʻana o ka thermo-shock a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka unahi alumina. Inā emi iho ke koena o ka alumini ma lalo o ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki i ka huila ke hoʻololi hou i ka pālākiō pale, ka hopena i ka hopena o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka pōʻino ma o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hao-a me ka chromium-based oxides [3,4]. Ma muli o ka lewa a puni a me ka permeability o nā oxides o ka ʻili e hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou i ka oxidation kūloko a i ʻole ka nitridation a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mea makemake ʻole i ka ʻāina lalo [5]. Ua hōʻike ʻo Han lāua ʻo Young ma ka unahi alumina e hoʻokumu ana i nā alloys Ni Cr Al, kahi ʻano paʻakikī o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i loko a me ka nitridation e ulu ana [6,7] i ka wā kaʻa kaʻa wela ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe i ka lewa ea, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā alloys i loaʻa nā nitride ikaika e like me Al a me Ti [4]. Ua ʻike ʻia nā unahi Chromium oxide he nitrogen permeable, a ʻo ka Cr2 N ke ʻano ma ke ʻano he papa haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ma ke ʻano o ka wai i loko [8,9]. Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia e ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o kēia hopena ma lalo o nā kūlana kaʻa kaʻa wela e alakaʻi ai i ka haki ʻana o ka unahi oxide a hōʻemi i kona pono ma ke ʻano he pale i ka nitrogen [6]. Hoʻoponopono ʻia ka hana corrosion e ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o ka oxidation, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka alumina pale / mālama ʻana, a me ke komo ʻana o ka nitrogen e alakaʻi ai i ka nitridation kūloko o ka matrix alloy ma o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka pae AlN [6,10], e alakaʻi i ka spallation o ʻO kēlā māhele ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka wela o ka pae AlN i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka matrix alloy [9]. Ke hōʻike aku nei i nā alloys FeCrAl i nā wela kiʻekiʻe i ka lewa me ka oxygen a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hāʻawi oxygen ʻē aʻe e like me H2O a i ʻole CO2, ʻo ka oxidation ka hopena nui, a me nā ʻano unahi alumina, hiki ʻole i ka oxygen a i ʻole nitrogen i nā wela kiʻekiʻe a hāʻawi i ka pale i ko lākou komo ʻana i loko o ka. matrix ʻaʻa. Akā, inā e hōʻike ʻia i ka ea hoʻemi (N2+H2), a me ka māwae alumina pale, hoʻomaka ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka wahi ma o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā mea pale Cr a me Ferich oxides, e hāʻawi i kahi ala maikaʻi no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka nitrogen i loko o ka matrix ferritic a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana. o ka pae AlN [9]. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka ea hoʻomalu (4.6) nitrogen i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana FeCrAl alloys. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā mea hoʻomehana kūpaʻa i loko o nā umu hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela me kahi lewa nitrogen pale he laʻana o ka hoʻohana ākea ʻana o nā alloys FeCrAl i kēlā ʻano kaiapuni. Hōʻike nā mea kākau e ʻoi aku ka lohi o ka oxidation rate o nā alloys FeCrAlY i ka wā e hoʻopili ai i kahi lewa me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa oxygen haʻahaʻa [11]. ʻO ka pahuhopu o ke aʻo ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā pili ka annealing i (99.996%) nitrogen (4.6) kinoea (Messer® spec. impurity level O2 + H2O <10 ppm) i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o FeCrAl alloy (Kanthal AF) a i ka nui o ka hilinaʻi. e pili ana i ka mahana annealing, kona hoʻololi ʻana (thermal-cycling), a me ka helu wela.