ʻO ka alumini ka metala nui loa o ka honua a ʻo ia ke kolu o ka mea maʻamau i loaʻa i ka 8% o ka ʻōpala o ka honua. ʻO ka versatility o ka alumini ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma hope o ke kila.

Iecaianoaaiiuo o Aluminum

Loaʻa ka alumini mai ka mineral bauxite. Hoʻololi ʻia ka Bauxite i ka alumini oxide (alumina) ma o ka Bayer Process. Hoʻololi ʻia ka alumina i ka metala alumini me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā cell electrolytic a me ka Hall-Heroult Process.

Koi Makahiki no Aluminum

ʻO ka noi honua no ka alumini ma kahi o 29 miliona tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ma kahi o 22 miliona tons he alumini hou a he 7 miliona tons he ʻōpala alumini recycled. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka alumini recycled he mea hoʻokele waiwai a me ke kaiapuni. Pono ʻo 14,000 kWh e hana i 1 tonne o ka alumini hou. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe he 5% wale nō o kēia e hoʻihoʻi hou a hana hou i hoʻokahi tonane alumini. ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa o ka maikaʻi ma waena o nā puʻupaʻa a me nā alumini alumini recycled.

Nā noi o ka Aluminum

Maʻemaʻealuminikahe palupalu, ductile, corrosion kū'ē a he kiʻekiʻe uila conductivity. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no nā kaula foil a me conductor, akā pono ka hui ʻana me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hāʻawi i nā ikaika kiʻekiʻe e pono ai no nā noi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka alumini kekahi o nā metala ʻenekinia māmā loa, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ke kaumaha ma mua o ke kila.

Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hui like ʻole o kāna mau waiwai maikaʻi e like me ka ikaika, ka māmā, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, recyclability a me ka formability, ke hoʻohana ʻia nei ka alumini i ka nui o nā noi. ʻO kēia ʻano o nā huahana mai nā mea hana a hiki i nā ʻāpana pepa lahilahi.

Koho Alloy

Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka alumini me ke keleawe, zinc, magnesium, silicon, manganese a me ka lithium. ʻO nā mea hoʻohui liʻiliʻi o chromium, titanium, zirconium, lead, bismuth a me nickel ua hana pū ʻia a loaʻa mau ka hao i nā mea liʻiliʻi.

Aia ma luna o 300 mau ʻāpana hana me 50 i hoʻohana maʻamau. ʻIke ʻia lākou e kahi ʻōnaehana helu ʻehā i puka mai ma USA a ua ʻae ʻia i kēia manawa. Hōʻike ka Papa 1 i ka ʻōnaehana no nā mea hao hao. Loaʻa nā inoa like ʻole o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a hoʻohana i kahi ʻōnaehana helu ʻelima.

Papa 1.Nā koho no nā alumini alumini i hana ʻia.

No nā alumini alumini i hana ʻole ʻia i koho ʻia he 1XXX, ʻo nā huahelu hope ʻelua e hōʻike ana i ka maʻemaʻe o ka metala. Ua like ia me nā huahelu hope ʻelua ma hope o ka helu decimal ke hōʻike ʻia ka maʻemaʻe alumini i ka 0.01 pakeneka kokoke loa. Hōʻike ka huahelu ʻelua i nā hoʻololi i nā palena haumia. Inā ʻaʻole ka huahelu ʻelua, hōʻike ia i ka alumini kala ʻole me nā palena haumia maoli a me ka 1 a hiki i ka 9, e hōʻike i nā haumia pākahi a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻohuihui.

No nā pūʻulu 2XXX a 8XXX, ʻike ʻia nā huahelu ʻelua hope i nā alumini alumini like ʻole i ka hui. Hōʻike ka helu ʻelua i nā hoʻololi alloy. Hōʻike ka huahelu ʻelua o ka zero i ka huila kumu a me nā helu helu 1 a hiki i ka 9 e hōʻike i nā hoʻololi ʻokoʻa.

Na Mea Kino o Aluminum

ʻO ka Density o Aluminum

ʻO ka alumini ka mānoanoa ma kahi o hoʻokahi hapakolu o ke kila a i ʻole ke keleawe e hoʻolilo iā ia i kekahi o nā metala māmā loa i loaʻa i ke kālepa. ʻO ka hopena o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe i ka ratio paona e lilo ia i mea hoʻolālā koʻikoʻi e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i ka uku a i ʻole ka mālama wahie no nā ʻoihana halihali.

Ka ikaika o ka Aluminum

ʻAʻohe ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe ka alumini maʻemaʻe. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui like e like me manganese, silicon, copper a me ka magnesium hiki ke hoʻonui i nā waiwai ikaika o ka alumini a hana i kahi alloy me nā waiwai i kūpono i nā noi kūikawā.

Aluminumkūpono i nā wahi anu. Loaʻa iā ia ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke kila i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikaika tensile me ka emi ʻana o ka mahana me ka mālama ʻana i kona paʻakikī. ʻO ke kila ma kekahiʻaoʻao e lilo i mea palupalu i nā mahana haʻahaʻa.

Pale ʻino o ka Aluminum

Ke hōʻike ʻia i ka lewa, ʻike koke ʻia kahi papa o ka alumini oxide ma ka ʻili o ka alumini. He kūʻē maikaʻi loa kēia papa i ka corrosion. ʻAʻole kūpaʻa ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o nā waikawa akā ʻaʻole i kū i ka alkali.

ʻO ka hana wela o ka Aluminum

ʻO ka thermal conductivity o ka alumini ma kahi o ʻekolu manawa ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ke kila. Hoʻolilo kēia i ka alumini i mea koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana a me nā noi hoʻomehana e like me nā mea hoʻololi wela. Hoʻohui pū ʻia me ka mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole kēia waiwai, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka alumini i nā mea kuke a me nā lako kīhini.

Uila Conductivity o Aluminum

Me ke keleawe, loaʻa i ka alumini kahi conductivity uila i lawa no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he conductor uila. ʻOiai ʻo ka conductivity o ka huila hoʻokele maʻamau (1350) aia ma kahi o 62% wale nō o ke keleawe annealed, ʻo ka hapakolu wale nō ia o ke kaumaha a no laila hiki ke hoʻokele pālua i ka nui o ka uila ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke keleawe o ke kaumaha like.

Hoʻohālikelike o ka Aluminum

Mai ka UV a i ka infra-ʻulaʻula, ʻo ka alumini ka mea hoʻonaninani maikaʻi loa o ka ikehu kukui. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia ma kahi o 80% ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kukui kukui. Nā waiwai like o ka reflectivity hanaaluminikakūpono i mea e pale aku ai i nā kukuna o ka lā i ke kauwela, ʻoiai e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ka wela i ka hoʻoilo.

Papa 2.Nā waiwai no ka alumini.

Na Pono Mechanical o Aluminum

Hiki ke hoʻololi nui ʻia ka alumini me ka ʻole o ka hemahema. ʻAe kēia i ka alumini e hana ʻia e ka ʻōwili ʻana, extruding, kaha kiʻi, machining a me nā kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke hoʻolei ʻia i kahi hoʻomanawanui kiʻekiʻe.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hui ʻana, ka hana anu a me ka mālama wela e hoʻopili i nā waiwai o ka alumini.

ʻO ka ikaika tensile o ka alumini maʻemaʻe ma kahi o 90 MPa akā hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i kēia ma luna o 690 MPa no kekahi mau mea wela wela.

Nā Kūlana Aluminum

Ua pani ʻia ka maʻamau BS1470 kahiko e ʻeiwa mau kūlana EN. Hāʻawi ʻia nā kūlana EN ma ka papa 4.

Papa 4.Nā kūlana EN no ka alumini

ʻOkoʻa nā kūlana EN mai ka maʻamau kahiko, BS1470 ma kēia mau wahi:

• Nā haku mele - ʻaʻole i loli.
• Pūnaehana helu Alloy - ʻaʻole i loli.
• ʻO nā koho wela no nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wela i kēia manawa e uhi i kahi ākea o nā ʻano wela kūikawā. A hiki i ʻehā mau huahelu ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka T no nā noi maʻamau ʻole (e laʻa, T6151).
• Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka wela no nā huila hiki ʻole ke mālama ʻia i ka wela - ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia ka huhū i kēia manawa akā ua ʻoi aku ka piha o ka huhū i kēia manawa e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana. ʻO ka huhū palupalu (O) i kēia manawa ʻo H111 a ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi huhū waena H112. No ka huila 5251 ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano wela e like me H32/H34/H36/H38 (e like me H22/H24, etc.). Hōʻike kaʻawale ʻia ʻo H19/H22 & H24.
• Nā waiwai mīkini - e like me nā helu mua. Pono e ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo 0.2% Proof Stress ma nā palapala hōʻoia.
• Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hoʻomanawanui i nā pae like ʻole.
  

  Hana Wela o Aluminum

  Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻano hana wela i nā alumini alumini:

  • Homogenization - ka wehe ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻolei ʻana.
  • Hoʻopili - hoʻohana ʻia ma hope o ka hana anu e hoʻopalupalu i nā mea hoʻopaʻa paʻakikī hana (1XXX, 3XXX a me 5XXX).
  • ʻO ka ua a i ʻole ka paʻakikī o ka makahiki (nā hui 2XXX, 6XXX a me 7XXX).
  • ʻO ka hoʻoponopono wela ma mua o ka ʻelemakule o ka ua.
  • ʻO ke kapuahi no ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā uhi
  • Ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, hoʻohui ʻia kahi suffix i nā helu koho.
  • ʻO ka suffix F ʻo ia hoʻi "e like me ka mea i hana ʻia".
  • ʻO ke ʻano o "nā huahana i hoʻopili ʻia".
  • 'O ia ho'i, "ua mālama 'ia ka wela".
  • 'O ia ho'i, ua mālama 'ia ka mea i ka wela.
  • ʻO ka H e pili ana i nā huila hiki ʻole ke mālama i ka wela i "hana anu" a i ʻole "hoʻopaʻa paʻakikī".
  • ʻO nā huila hiki ʻole i ka wela ke loaʻa i nā hui 3XXX, 4XXX a me 5XXX.