Nūhou - Nickel Maʻemaʻe Kūʻai

Formula Kemika

Nā Kumuhana i Uhi ʻia

Ka Moʻolelo

Maʻemaʻe kūʻai a i ʻolenikala haʻahaʻaloaʻa kāna noi nui i ka hana kemika a me nā mea uila.

Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka palaho

Ma muli o ke kūpaʻa o ka nickel maʻemaʻe i ka pala, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā kemika hoʻemi like ʻole a ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā alkalis caustic, hoʻohana ʻia ka nickel e mālama i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana i nā hopena kemika he nui, ʻoi aku hoʻi ka hana ʻana o nā meaʻai a me ka hana ʻana i nā fiber synthetic.

Nā Waiwai o ka Nickel Maʻemaʻe Kūʻai

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia menā mea hoʻohui nikala, he kiʻekiʻe ke alakaʻi uila o ka nickel maʻemaʻe ma ke kālepa, he mahana Curie kiʻekiʻe a me nā waiwai magnetostrictive maikaʻi. Hoʻohana ʻia ka nickel no nā uea alakaʻi uila, nā ʻāpana pila, nā thyratrons a me nā electrodes sparking.

He maikaʻi nō hoʻi ka hoʻoili wela o ka nikala. ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea hoʻololi wela i nā wahi ʻino.

Papa 1. Nā Waiwai oNikala 200, ke ʻano maʻemaʻe kālepa (99.6% Ni).

Waiwai	Waiwai
Ka ikaika tensile i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma 20°C	450MPa
Hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka 0.2% Proof Stress ma 20°C	150MPa
Hoʻolōʻihi (%)	47
Ka nui o ka paʻa	8.89g/cm3
Pae Hoʻoheheʻe	1435-1446°C
Wela Kūikawā	456 J/kg. °C
Mahana Curie	360°C
Ka Permeability Pili	Ka mua	110
	Ka palena kiʻekiʻe loa	600
Hoʻonui like ʻia (20-100°C)	13.3×10-6m/m.°C
Ka Hoʻokele Wela	70W/m.°C
Ke kū'ē uila	0.096×10-6ohm.m

Ka Hana ʻana o Nickel

Hoʻopili ʻianikalaHe haʻahaʻa ka paʻakikī a me ka ductility maikaʻi. ʻO ka nickel, e like me ke gula, ke kālā a me ke keleawe, he haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka paʻakikī hana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia e lilo i paʻakikī a palupalu ke pelu ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia paha e like me ka hapa nui o nā metala ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia mau ʻano, i hui pū ʻia me ka weldability maikaʻi, e maʻalahi ai ka hana ʻana i ka metala i nā mea i hoʻopau ʻia.

Nickel ma ka Chromium Plating

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka nikala ma ke ʻano he uhi lalo i ka uhi chromium hoʻonaninani. ʻO ka huahana maka, e like me ka hoʻolei keleawe a zinc paha a i ʻole kahi kaomi kila pepa, ua uhi mua ʻia me kahi papa onikalama kahi o 20µm ka mānoanoa. Hāʻawi kēia i kona kūpaʻa i ka pala. ʻO ka ʻaʻahu hope loa he 'flash' lahilahi loa (1-2µm) o ka chromium e hāʻawi iā ia i kahi kala a me ke kūpaʻa tarnish i manaʻo nui ʻia he mea makemake nui ʻia i nā mea i uhi ʻia. ʻO ka Chromium wale nō ka mea e loaʻa ai ke kūpaʻa corrosion i ʻae ʻole ʻia ma muli o ke ʻano porous o ka electroplate chromium.

Papa Waiwai

Mea Hana	Nickel - Nā Waiwai, Hana ʻana a me nā Hoʻohana o ka Nickel Maʻemaʻe Kūʻai
Hoʻonohonoho ʻana:	>99% Ni a ʻoi aku paha

Waiwai	Ka Waiwai Haʻahaʻa Loa (SI)	Ka Waiwai Kiʻekiʻe Loa (SI)	Nā ʻĀpana (SI)	Ka Waiwai Haʻahaʻa Loa (Imp.)	Ka Waiwai Kiʻekiʻe Loa (Imp.)	Nā ʻĀpana (Imp.)
Ka nui o ka ʻātoma (awelika)	0.0065	0.0067	m3/kmol	396.654	408.859	in3/kmol
Ka nui o ka paʻa	8.83	8.95	Mg/m3	551.239	558.731	lb/ft3
Ka nui o ka ikehu	230	690	MJ/kg	24917.9	74753.7	kcal/lb
Modulus Nui	162	200	GPa	23.4961	29.0075	106 psi
Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa	70	935	MPa	10.1526	135.61	ksi
Ka maʻalahi	0.02	0.6		0.02	0.6
Palena Hoʻopili	70	935	MPa	10.1526	135.61	ksi
Palena Hoʻomanawanui	135	500	MPa	19.5801	72.5188	ksi
Paʻakikī o ka haki	100	150	MPa.m1/2	91.0047	136.507	ksi.in1/2
Paʻakikī	800	3000	MPa	116.03	435.113	ksi
Ka helu pohō	0.0002	0.0032		0.0002	0.0032
Modulus o ka haki ʻana	70	935	MPa	10.1526	135.61	ksi
Ka lakio o Poisson	0.305	0.315		0.305	0.315
Modulus ʻokiʻoki	72	86	GPa	10.4427	12.4732	106 psi
Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa	345	1000	MPa	50.038	145.038	ksi
Modulus o Young	190	220	GPa	27.5572	31.9083	106 psi
Mahana Aniani			K			°F
Ka Wela Latent o ka Fusion	280	310	kJ/kg	120.378	133.275	BTU/lb
Mahana lawelawe kiʻekiʻe loa	510	640	K	458.33	692.33	°F
Kiko Heheʻe	1708	1739	K	2614.73	2670.53	°F
Mahana lawelawe haʻahaʻa loa	0	0	K	-459.67	-459.67	°F
Wela Kūikawā	452	460	J/kg.K	0.349784	0.355975	BTU/lb.F
Ka Hoʻokele Wela	67	91	W/mK	125.426	170.355	BTU.ft/h.ft2.F
Hoʻonui Wela	12	13.5	10-6/K	21.6	24.3	10-6/°F
Ka Hiki ke Hoʻohaunaele			MV/m			V/mili
Paʻa Dielectric
Ke kū'ē ʻana	8	10	10-8 ohm.m	8	10	10-8 ohm.m

Nā Waiwai Kaiapuni
Nā Kumu Kū'ē	1=ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa 5=Maikaʻi loa
Ka hiki ke lapalapa	5
Wai Maʻemaʻe	5
Nā Mea Hoʻoheheʻe Organic	5
ʻOkika ma 500C	5
Wai Kai	5
ʻAkika ikaika	4
Nā Alkalis Ikaika	5
UV	5
ʻAʻahu	4
ʻAkika nāwaliwali	5
Nā Alkalis nāwaliwali	5

Puna: I hōʻuluʻulu ʻia mai ka Handbook of Engineering Materials, 5th Edition.

No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i kēia kumu, e kipa akuʻO ka Institute of Materials Engineering Australasia.

ʻO ka nickel ma ke ʻano kumu a i ʻole i hoʻohui ʻia me nā metala a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ua hāʻawi nui i ko kākou kaiāulu o kēia wā a ke hoʻohiki nei e hoʻomau i ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā mea no kahi wā e hiki mai ana. He metala koʻikoʻi mau ka nickel no nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole no ke kumu maʻalahi he mea maʻalahi loa ia e hoʻohui pū me ka hapa nui o nā metala ʻē aʻe.

He mea hana maʻalahi ka nickel a hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me ka hapa nui o nā metala. ʻO nā mea hana nickel he mau mea hana me ka nickel ma ke ʻano he mea nui. Loaʻa ka solubility paʻa piha ma waena o ka nickel a me ke keleawe. ʻO nā laulā solubility ākea ma waena o ka hao, chromium, a me ka nickel e hiki ai ke hoʻohui i nā mea hana he nui. ʻO kona versatility kiʻekiʻe, i hui pū ʻia me kona kūpaʻa wela a me ka corrosion i alakaʻi i kona hoʻohana ʻia ʻana ma nā ʻano hana like ʻole; e like me nā turbine kinoea mokulele, nā turbine mahu i nā mea kanu mana a me kona hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā mākeke ikehu a me ka mana nukelea.

Nā noi a me nā ʻano o nā Nickel Alloys

Nʻakika a me ka nikalashoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻano hana like ʻole, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea e pili ana i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala a me/a i ʻole ke kūpaʻa wela. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea:

Nā mīkini hoʻoheheʻe kinoea mokulele
Nā hale hana mana turbine mahu
Nā noi lapaʻau
Nā ʻōnaehana mana nukelea
Nā ʻoihana kemika a me ka petrochemical
Nā ʻāpana hoʻomehana a me ke kū'ē
Nā mea hoʻokaʻawale a me nā mea hoʻoikaika no ke kamaʻilio ʻana
Nā ʻūpā ahi kaʻa
Nā mea hoʻopau wili
Nā Uea Mana

He nui nā mea ʻē aʻenā noi no nā mea hoʻohui nickele pili ana i nā waiwai kino kūikawā o nā mea hoʻohuihui nickel-based kūikawā a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohuihui nickel kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kēia mau mea: