ʻO ka mea maʻamau e hoʻokomo i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe magnetic (e ʻike i nā mea magnetic), nā ʻāpana elastika, nā ʻāpana hoʻonui, nā bimetal thermal, nā ʻāpana uila, nā mea hoʻopaʻa hydrogen (e ʻike i nā mea hoʻopaʻa hydrogen), nā ʻāpana hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo, nā ʻāpana magnetostrictive (e ʻike i nā mea magnetostrictive), etc.
Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia kekahi mau mea hou i loko o ka ʻāpana o nā mea hoʻopili pololei i nā noi kūpono, e like me ka damping a me ka vibration reduction alloys, stealth alloys (e nānā i nā mea stealth), magnetic recording alloys, superconducting alloys, microcrystalline amorphous alloys, etc.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana kūpono i ʻehiku mau ʻāpana e like me ko lākou mau ʻano kino like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi: nā mea hoʻoheheʻe mākēneki palupalu, nā ʻāpana magnetic mau deformed, nā ʻāpana elastic, nā ʻāpana hoʻonui, nā bimetal thermal, nā ʻāpana kūʻē, a me nā ʻāpana kihi thermoelectric.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hapa nui o nā alloys precision ma luna o nā metala ferrous, he kakaikahi wale nō i hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā metala non-ferrous.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe mākēneki palupalu a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe magnetic paʻakikī (ʻike ʻia hoʻi he mau ʻāpana magnetic mau). ʻO ka mea mua he ikaika hoʻoikaika haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (m), aʻo ka mea hope he ikaika hoʻoikaika nui (>104A/m). Hoʻohana maʻamau ka hao maʻemaʻe ʻoihana, ke kila uila, ka hao-nickel alloy, ka hao-aluminum alloy, alnico alloy, rare earth cobalt alloy, etc.
ʻO ka Thermal bimetal kahi mea i haku ʻia me ʻelua a ʻoi aʻe paha o nā ʻāpana metala a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻohui me nā koena hoʻonui like ʻole i hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia kekahi i kekahi ma ka ʻaoʻao pili holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻohana ʻia ka mea hoʻonui kiʻekiʻe e like me ka papa hana, hoʻohana ʻia ka mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e like me ka papa passive, a hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kahi interlayer ma waena. E like me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mahana, hiki ke kūlou ka bimetal thermal, a hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā relay thermal, nā mea hoʻokaʻawale kaapuni, nā mea hoʻomaka o ka hale, a me nā kiwi hoʻokele wai a me ke kinoea no ka ʻoihana kemika a me ka ʻoihana mana.
Loaʻa i nā ʻāpana uila nā ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa kūpono, nā ʻāpana electrothermal, nā mea thermocouple a me nā mea pili uila, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana uila, nā mea kani a me nā mika.
ʻO nā alloys Magnetostrictive kahi papa o nā mea metala me nā hopena magnetostrictive. ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hao a me nā nickel-based alloys, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i ka ultrasonic a me ka underwater acoustic transducers, oscillators, kānana a me nā ʻike.
1. I ke koho 'ana i ke ano o ka hooheheeia ana, pono e noonoo nui i ka maikai, ke kumu kuai o ka umu ahi, a pela aku, ma ka hapanui o na hihia. E like me ke koi ʻana i ka mana kūpono loa o ke kalapona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā mea ʻai, degassing, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maʻemaʻe, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma lalo o ke kumu o nā koi kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka umu induction vacuum he ala maikaʻi loa ia. Eia naʻe, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka mana nui e like me ka hiki.
2. Pono e uku ʻia i ka ninini ʻana i ka ʻenehana no ka pale ʻana i ka haumia o ke kila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wā o ka ninini ʻana, a ʻo ka hoʻomau mau ʻana i ke aniani ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa no nā alloys pololei.