He mea kemika ia me ka hōʻailona kemika Ni a me ka helu atomika 28. He metala keʻokeʻo ʻālohilohi ia me nā ʻōuli gula i kona kala keʻokeʻo ʻālohilohi. He metala hoʻololi ʻo Nickel, paʻakikī a ductile. Kiʻekiʻe loa ka hana kemika o ka nickel maʻemaʻe, a hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia hana ma ke ʻano pauka kahi i hoʻonui ʻia ai ka ʻili reactive, akā lohi ka pane ʻana o ka metala nickel nui me ka ea a puni no ka mea ua hana ʻia kahi papa o ka oxide pale ma luna o ka ʻili. nā mea. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka hana kiʻekiʻe ma waena o ka nickel a me ka oxygen, paʻakikī nō ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nickel metala maoli ma ka ʻili o ka honua. Hoʻopuni ʻia ka nickel maoli ma ka ʻili o ka honua i loko o nā meteorites nickel-iron nui, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe o nā meteorites i ka oxygen ke noho lākou ma ka lewa. Ma ka Honua, hui mau ʻia kēia nickel maoli me ka hao, e hōʻike ana ʻo lākou nā huahana hope loa o ka supernova nucleosynthesis. Manaʻo nui ʻia ua hana ʻia ke kikowaena o ka honua me ka hui nickel-iron.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nickel (kahi mea hoʻohui nickel-hao maoli) e hoʻi ana i ka makahiki 3500 BC. ʻO Axel Frederick Kronstedt ka mea mua i hoʻokaʻawale i ka nickel a wehewehe iā ia he mea kemika i ka makahiki 1751, ʻoiai ua kuhihewa mua ʻo ia i ka nickel ore no ka mineral keleawe. Loaʻa ka inoa haole o ka nickel mai ka goblin kolohe o ka inoa like i loko o ka moʻolelo o nā mea ʻeli Kelemania (Nickel, kahi like me ka inoa kapakapa "Old Nick" no ka diabolo ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania). ʻO ke kumu waiwai nui loa o ka nickel ʻo ia ka limonite iron ore, nona ka 1-2% nickel. ʻO nā mineral koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe no ka nickel e komo pū ana me ka pentlandite a me ka pentlandite. ʻO nā mea hana nui o ka nickel e komo pū ana me ka ʻāina ʻo Soderbury ma Kanada (kahi i manaʻo nui ʻia he lua meteorite), New Caledonia ma ka Moana Pākīpika, a me Norilsk ma Rusia.
Ma muli o ka lohi o ka oxidize ʻana o ka nickel i ka mahana o ka lumi, ua manaʻo ʻia he pale i ka pala. Ma muli o kēia, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka nickel i ka wā ma mua no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻano ʻili like ʻole, e like me nā metala (e like me ka hao a me ke keleawe), ka loko o nā mea hana kemika, a me kekahi mau mea hoʻohuihui e pono ai ke mālama i kahi ʻano kālā ʻālohilohi (e like me ke kālā nickel). Ma kahi o 6% o ka hana nickel o ka honua e hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka nickel maʻemaʻe e pale aku i ka pala. ʻO ka nickel kahi ʻāpana maʻamau o nā kālā, akā ua pani nui ʻia kēia e ka hao makepono, ʻaʻole no ka mea he maʻi ʻili kekahi poʻe i ka nickel. ʻOiai kēia, ua hoʻomaka hou ʻo Beritania e hana i nā kālā me ka nickel i ka makahiki 2012, ma muli o nā kūʻē a nā kauka ʻili.
ʻO Nickel kekahi o nā mea ʻehā wale nō i ferromagnetic i ka mahana o ka lumi. Loaʻa i nā magnet paʻa alnico i loaʻa iā Nickel kahi ikaika magnetic ma waena o nā magnet paʻa i loaʻa i ka hao a me nā magnet honua kakaikahi. ʻO ke kūlana o Nickel i ka honua hou ma muli nui o kāna mau alloys like ʻole. Ma kahi o 60% o ka hana nickel o ka honua e hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā kila nickel like ʻole (ʻoi aku ka kila kila). ʻO nā alloys maʻamau ʻē aʻe, a me kekahi mau superalloys hou, e helu ana no ka aneane o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka nickel o ka honua. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kemika e hana i nā hui he emi ma mua o 3 pakeneka o ka hana nickel. Ma ke ʻano he hui, he nui nā hoʻohana kikoʻī o ka nickel i ka hana kemika, no ka laʻana he mea hoʻoulu no nā hopena hydrogenation. Hoʻohana nā enzymes o kekahi mau microorganisms a me nā mea kanu i ka nickel ma ke ʻano he wahi hana, no laila he meaʻai koʻikoʻi ka nickel no lākou. [1]