He mea kemika ia me ka hōʻailona kemika Ni a me ka helu atomika 28. He metala keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ʻulaʻula me nā ʻōniʻoniʻo gula i kona kala keʻokeʻo kālā. ʻO Nickel kahi metala hoʻololi, paʻakikī a ductile. He kiʻekiʻe loa ka hana kemika o ka nickel maʻemaʻe, a hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia hana ma ke ʻano o ka pauka kahi i hoʻonui ʻia ai ka ʻili o ka ʻili, akā, ʻoi aku ka mālie o ka metala nickel nui me ka ea a puni no ka mea ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi papa o ka oxide pale ma ka ʻili. . mea. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hana ma waena o ka nickel a me ka oxygen, paʻakikī loa ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nickel metallic maoli ma ka ʻili o ka honua. Hoʻopili ʻia ka nickel maoli ma ka ʻili o ka honua i loko o nā meteorites nickel-hao nui, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki i nā meteorites ke komo i ka oxygen ke noho lākou ma ka lewa. Ma ka Honua, ua hui mau ʻia kēia nickel maoli me ka hao, e hōʻike ana ʻo lākou nā huahana hope loa o ka supernova nucleosynthesis. Manaʻo nui ʻia ʻo ke kumu o ka honua i hui pū ʻia me ka hao nickel-iron.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nickel (he nickel-iron alloy) mai ka makahiki 3500 BC. ʻO Axel Frederick Kronstedt ka mea mua i hoʻokaʻawale i ka nikela a wehewehe ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea kemika i ka makahiki 1751, ʻoiai ua kuhi mua ʻo ia i ka nickel ore no ka mineral keleawe. ʻO ka inoa haole o ka nickel mai ka naughty goblin o ka inoa hoʻokahi i ka moʻolelo o nā miners German (Nickel, e like me ka inoa inoa "Old Nick" no ka diabolo ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania). . ʻO ke kumu waiwai nui o ka nickel he limonite hao hao, nona ka 1-2% nickel. ʻO nā minela koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe no ka nickel ʻo ia ka pentlandite a me ka pentlandite. ʻO nā mea hana nui o ka nickel ʻo ia ka ʻāina ʻo Soderbury ma Kanada (ʻo ia ka mea i manaʻo nui ʻia he lua pele meteorite), New Caledonia ma ka Moana Pākīpika, a me Norilsk ma Rusia.
Ma muli o ka oxidize nickel i ka wela lumi, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. Ma muli o kēia, ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ka nickel no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻano mea like ʻole, e like me nā metala (e like me ka hao a me ke keleawe), ka loko o nā mea hana kemika, a me kekahi mau mea e pono ai e mālama i ka pauku kālā ʻālohilohi (e like me ke kālā nickel). . Ma kahi o 6% o ka hana nickel honua e hoʻohana mau ʻia ana no ka corrosion-resistant pure nickel plating. ʻO Nickel kekahi mea maʻamau o nā keneta, akā ua hoʻololi ʻia kēia e ka hao liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole ka mea liʻiliʻi no ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi poʻe i ka maʻi ʻili i ka nickel. ʻOiai naʻe, ua hoʻomaka hou ʻo Beretania e ʻimi hou i nā ʻāpana kālā i ka nickel i ka makahiki 2012, ma luna o nā kūʻē a nā dermatologists.
ʻO Nickel kekahi o nā mea ʻehā wale nō i ferromagnetic ma ka lumi wela. Loaʻa i nā mākēneki kūpaʻa alnico i loko o ka nikeli ka ikaika ma waena o nā mākēneki paʻa paʻa hao a me nā mākēneki honua laha. ʻO ke kūlana o Nickel i ka honua hou ma muli o kāna mau ʻāpana like ʻole. Ma kahi o 60% o ka hana nickel honua i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā kila nickel like ʻole (ʻoi aku ka kila kila). ʻO nā huila maʻamau ʻē aʻe, a me kekahi mau superalloys hou, helu no ka aneane āpau o ka hoʻohana nickel honua i koe. Hoʻohana kemika no ka hana ʻana i nā pūhui no ka liʻiliʻi o 3 pakeneka o ka hana nickel. Ma ke ʻano he pūhui, he nui nā hoʻohana kikoʻī o ka nickel i ka hana kemika, no ka laʻana he catalyst no ka hydrogenation reactions. Hoʻohana nā enzymes o kekahi mau microorganisms a me nā mea kanu i ka nickel ma ke ʻano he wahi hana, no laila he meaʻai nui ka nickel no lākou. [1]