ʻO ka hāʻawiʻana i nā kumuwaiwai i hiki ke loaʻa i kahi o ka uila,ʻo ia kekahi o nā pilikia koʻikoʻi o kēia kenekulia. Nā wahi noiʻi o nā mea noiʻi i ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana o ka ikehu i kēia kumu, me ka thermoopstic1, photovoltaic2 a me nā thermotaic_. ʻOiai ua nele mākou i nā lako a me nā mea pono e hōʻiliʻili ai i ka ikaika o ka meʻumema, phyerotectric i hiki ke hoʻololi i nā loli ma ka manawa. Ma aneʻi ua kūkulu mākou i kahi o nā mea waiwai nui o ka Icroscopic i keʻano o ka cancilayer cameralti Hiki i kēlā me kēia'āpana Pyroelectric hiki ke hana i ka ikaika o ka uila i hiki iā ia ke 4.43 j cm-3 i kēlā me kēia manawa. Hōʻike pū mākou i kēlā mau modules e kaupaona anaʻo 0.3 g ua lawa ka hoʻomau mauʻana i ka nui o nā mea nui a me nā microdrotler i nā microbontoplers ʻO ka hope loa, hōʻike mākou i kēlā no ka mahana o 10 k, hiki i kēia mau mom platilayer capacitistor hiki ke hiki i ka pono he 40%. ʻO kēia mau waiwai e pili ana i ka (1) Ferroelectric Ka loli no ka maikaʻi loa, (2) haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e pale ai i nā poho ʻO kēia Macroscopic
Hoʻohālikelikeʻia i keʻano o ke aniani spatial ma keʻano he mau mea hoʻonaninani no nā mea kanu thermooelectric ʻO kēia keʻano o ka cycle themomoynamic Hōʻikeʻo Sigure 1A i kahi pākaukau maʻamau o kahi pyroelectric o kahi mea kūʻai aku (NLP) ʻO nā'āpana polū a me nā'ōmaʻomaʻo o ke kahe ma keʻano o ka st diagram i ke aniani uila i hoʻohuliʻia ma ka olson Inei mākou e noʻonoʻo ai i nāʻanoʻelua me ka hoʻololiʻana o ka uila uila (ma ke kula ma luna a me ke kaʻawale) a me keʻano like me nāʻano likeʻole. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ke kahe'ōmaʻomaʻo i loko o ka'āina hoʻololi o ka pae a pēlā nō he wahi liʻiliʻi ma mua o keʻano uliuli Ma ka pahu St kiʻi,ʻo ka nui o ka wahi,ʻo ka nui o ka ikehu. No laila, pono e hōʻiliʻili ka hoʻololiʻana i keʻano o ka ikehu. ʻO ka pono no ka loaʻaʻana o ka nui o ka cycling ma NLP e like me ka pono o nā noi noi. ʻO ke kūlana hana maikaʻi ma keʻano he 13,14,15,00. No laila, uaʻike mākou i nā pst mlcs o ka hoihoi no ka aniani o ke aniani. Ua wehewehe pihaʻia kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i nāʻano hana a hōʻikeʻia i nā leka hoʻohui helu 1 (Scaning Electron)
a, sketch o kahi mea entropy (s) -temppell (t) plot me ka uila uila ma luna a iʻole e pili ana i nā mea hana nlp Ua hōʻikeʻiaʻelua mauʻano hui likeʻole i nā'āpanaʻelua likeʻole. E hele mai nāʻano uliuli a me nā'ōmaʻomaʻo uliuli i loko a ma waho o keʻano o ke hoʻololiʻana, a hoʻopau i nā wahi likeʻole o ka papa. B,ʻelua mau pahu o Pst MLC MLC Uniphar, 1 mm mānoanoa ma waena o 0 a me 95 kv E nānā nā leka ABCD i nā mea likeʻole i nāʻano o ka OLSON FRYCLE. AB: Ua kauohaʻiaʻo MLCs i ka 155 KV CM-1 ma 20 ° C. BC: Ua mālamaʻiaʻo MLC ma 155 kv cm-1 a ua hāpaiʻia ka mahana i ka 90 ° C. CD: MLC Discharges ma 90 ° C. Da: mlc clud a 20 ° C i ka mahina zero. Hoʻopili ke kapa polū i ka mana komo e pono ai e hoʻomaka i ka pōkole. ʻO ka'āpana o ka'āpana ka ikaika i hōʻiliʻiliʻia i loko o hoʻokahi pōkole. c, ka papa inoa papa, boltage (ʻeleʻele) a me kēia manawa (ʻulaʻula) ʻO nā meaʻelua i hōʻikeʻia i ka hoʻohuiʻana o ka uila o ka uila a me kēia mau mea i nā kumu nui ma keʻano. I loko o ka papa haʻahaʻa,ʻo nā pihi melemele a me nā pihi melemele e hōʻike i ka mahana e pili ana i ka mahana a me nā pihi o ka ikehu, no kahi 1 mm mānoanoa Ua heluʻia ka ikaika mai nā pihi a me nā pihi Voltage i kēia manawa ma luna o ka papa kuhikuhi. ʻO ka ikehu maikaʻiʻole e pili ana i ka ikaika i hōʻiliʻiliʻia. ʻO nā wāwae e pili ana i nā leka nui ma nā kiʻiʻehā he nui e like me keʻano o ka olson. ʻO ka cycle AB'CD e pili ana i keʻano stightling e stight cycle (leka uila hou 7).
ma kahi o e a me d ka mahina uila a me nā kahua e neʻe ana i ke kula. Hiki ke loaʻa iā ND i kaʻikeʻoleʻia mai ka circuit (Fig. ʻO nāʻano mea maikaʻi loa i hōʻikeʻia e OLNSNS i kāna hana Pioneering ma ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana i ka ikaika Pyroelectric i ka makahiki 1980s17.
Ma ke kula. 1b e hōʻike iʻelua mau lonopolar de loops o 1 mm i nā kiʻi paʻi pst-mlc i'ākoakoa ma 20 ° C, ma luna o kahi o 4 Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia kēia mau alaʻelua i ka hikiʻole ke helu i ka ikaika i hōʻiliʻiliʻia e ka olson cycle i hōʻikeʻia ma ke kiʻi 1a. I kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo ka curlet curnle heʻelua mau lālā o nā lālāʻelua (maʻaneʻi, zero no ka bc-1 ° C i loko o ka lālā cd) ka ikaika i hōʻiliʻiliʻia i ka wā o keʻano o ke alapine e pili ana i nā wahiʻulaʻula a me nā wahiʻulaʻula ʻO kaʻikepili i hōʻiliʻiliʻiaʻo NDʻo ia kaʻokoʻa ma waena o ka hoʻokomo a me ka ikehu e pili ana i ka ikehu,ʻo ia wale nō ka wahiʻona ma ka fig. 1b. Hāʻawi kēia o ka olson cycle i kahi o ka ikaika o ka ikaika nd ʻO keʻano stirling he koho'ē aʻe i ka cycle olson (propsplementary No ka mea,ʻoi aku ka nui o ka papa hana maʻamau ʻO 70 wale nō kēia o ka mea e hiki ai i keʻano o ka olson cycle hiki ke hōʻiliʻili, akā eʻohi ana i nā mea kanu maʻalahi.
Eia kekahi, ke ana pololei mākou i ka ikaika i hōʻiliʻiliʻia i ka wā o ka olson ma keʻano he pst mlc e hoʻohana ana i kahi kūlana pili pili Kiʻi 1C ma luna o ka piko a i nā mea i hōʻikeʻia i kēia manawa (ʻulaʻula) a me ka voltage Hiki i nā mea a me ka Voltage ke hiki ke helu i ka ikaika i hōʻiliʻiliʻia, a hōʻikeʻia nā pihi i hōʻikeʻia ma Fig. 1C, lalo ʻO nā leka ABCD e hōʻike ana i ka like o ka olson cycle ma Fig. 1 ʻO ka hopena o kēia mau manawa maʻamau i kēia manawa,ʻo ia ka curve curve (ʻeleʻele)ʻaʻole linear e neʻe nei ma muli o ke kaʻina hanaʻole. 1C. I ka hopena o ke kauʻana, 30 mj o ka ikaika uila i mālamaʻia i ka mlc (point b). ʻO ka mlc a laila eʻaihue a me kahi maikaʻiʻole (a no laila he mau mea maikaʻiʻole i hanaʻia ma ka papa kūʻai o 35 mj i kēia manawa. ʻO ka uila ma ka mlc (ka cd cd) a laila e hōʻemiʻia, e hopena ana i kahi hana he 60 mj o ka hana uila. ʻO ka nui o ka ikehu holoʻokoʻa he 95 mj. ʻO ka ikaika i hōʻiliʻiliʻia kaʻokoʻa ma waena o ka helu helu a me ka ikehu e pono ai, e hāʻawi i ka 95 - 30 = 65 mj. Hoʻopili kēia i kahi hana ikaika o 1.84 J cm-3, kahi kokoke loa i ka ND i laweʻia mai ka pahu deD mai ka pahu ded. Ua ho'āʻoʻia ka hana hou o kēia olson cycle i ka manawa E ka hoʻonui houʻana i ka uila a me ke kauwela ʻEhā mau manawa nui kēia ma mua o ka hana maikaʻi loa i hōʻikeʻia ma ka palapala puke no nā kiʻina o ka PB (MG) O3-PM) Ua loaʻa i kēia hana i ka laweʻana i nā lepa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa o kēia mlcs Ua loaʻa i kēia hana i ka laweʻana i nā lepa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa o kēia mlcs Эи характерисистиси тостиком Поя C‡ 5I.2 www.haитиииеский момянтLKутомянутитой ситом и дрр. 19 - отеlelo Maikini.19 Сот материалам набсоль ооле бсленедным исленедным в оленедным в оленедным в оленедным в оленедным исе. Ua loaʻa kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o kēia mlcs (<10-7 a i ka lā hoʻohui 19 - E hoʻohālikelike i nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia ma nā haʻawina i hoʻohanaʻia ma mua.Ana 泄漏电流非常低 (在 78 v 和 180 ° 详细信息 _E 人时 人 '人相比之等, 人 相比之 的 人 37, 0 人 / 相比之 song 人 17由于Вnuʻuhu'ē aʻe 相比之下相比之下N mau loa 相比之 ​​非常在 相比之В "° <10-,7) - 等 人说明 点相比之下相比之 相比之下lelo Laulou 相比之 已经达到了这种性能到早期研究中使用 puʻuwai 已经达到了这种性能到早期研究中使用 的 材料 17.20. Ana @ куд ток точчки 5) Сalohaтом ишатьрр. 19 - Hana loko Mai ka lōʻihi loa o kēia mau mlcs i kēia mau mlcs 19 - No ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana, ua hoʻokōʻia kēia mau hana.i nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia ma nā haʻawina mua 17,20.
Nā Kūlana like (600 V, 20-90 ° C) noi i ka curtle sticling (uplplementary 7). E like me ka mea e manaʻoʻia mai nā hopena o ka dey o ka dece,ʻo ka ye wild he 41.0 mj. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o nā mea hōʻeuʻeu o lākou e hiki ai i ko lākou hiki ke hoʻohui i ka Voltage mua ma o ka hopena o ka thermoverric. Ua nānā mākou i kahi loaʻa o ka voltage a hiki i ka 39
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona'ē aʻe o kēia mau mlcs ka mea nui o lākou i nā mea macroscopic No laila, ua kūkulu mākou i kahi hōʻiliʻili prototype e hoʻohanaʻia e nā mea hana ma waena o ka cig. E hōʻiliʻili i ka 3.1 J me ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka Olson Cycle i hōʻikeʻia ma Fig. 2a, he mau wahi nui ma 10 Hoʻopili kēia i kahi ikaika o ka ikehu o 3.14 J cm-3. Ke hoʻohana nei i kēia hoʻohui, ua laweʻia nā ana ma lalo o nā kūlana likeʻole (Fig. 2b). Hoʻomaopopo i ka 18 J i loaʻa ma mua o ka mahana o ka mahana o 80 ° C a me kahi Voltage o 600 v (155 kv cm-1). Aia kēia i kaʻae maikaʻi me ka mea i'ōleloʻia ma mua o 65 mJ no 1 mm i lalo o ka ptc mt mlc ma lalo o nāʻano likeʻole (28 × 65 = 1820 mj).
A, hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho hoʻokolohua o Harv1 Prototype e pili ana i 28 MLC PSTS 1 MM Bows. No kēlā me kēia o nā papaʻehāʻehā,ʻo ka mahana a me ka mahana a me ka voltage a me ka voltage i hāʻawiʻia i ka prototype. Ke kaʻa nei ka kamepiula i kahi pālani peristaltic e kau ana i kahi wai kai ma waena o ke ahi a me ka wela,ʻelua kumu. Hoʻohana ka kamepiula i nā Thermocoups e hōʻiliʻili i kaʻikepili ma ka Voltage a me kēia mau mea i hāʻawiʻia i ka prototype a me ka mahana o ka huiʻana mai ka mana. B, ka ikaika (kala) i hōʻiliʻiliʻia e kā mākou 4 × 7 mlc prototype Version (X-axis) a me nā kiʻi likeʻole.
ʻO kahi mana nui o ka hōʻiliʻili (harv2) me 60 pst mlc 1 mm bant (41.7 j (pr (. I ka makahiki 1984, ua hanaʻo Olsen i kahi mea hōʻiliʻili ikaika e pili ana i ka 317 g o kahi pb (Zr No kēia hui pū,ʻo ia wale nō ka waiwai'ē aʻe i loaʻa i loko o kaʻaoʻao o Joule. Loaʻa iā ia ma luna o ka hapalua o ka waiwai i loaʻa iā mākou a kokoke iʻehiku mau manawa i ka maikaʻi. ʻO kēia keʻano o ka ikaika o ka ikehu o Harv2 he 13 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka manawaʻo Harv1 he 57 kekona. Ua hana kēia 54 MW o ka mana me 4 mau lālani o 7 mau kolamu o 1 mm i nā papa mlc mlc. No ka laweʻana i hoʻokahi hana, kūkulu mākou i kahi hui likeʻekolu Ua helu mākou i kahi manawa o ka thermalization i ka makahiki 12.5 kekona. Hoʻopili kēia i kahi manawa pōkole o 25 s (computmentment fig. 9). Hāʻawi ka ikaika i ka ikehu (47 mj) i kahi mana uila o 1.95 mw i kēlā me kēia mlc Ma kahi o ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā mea wela wela e hoʻohana ana i ka simulation firnation (comsol, propsol a me nā papa hoʻohui. ʻO keʻano hoʻohālike kumu i hanaʻia e hiki ai ke wānana i nā waiwai mana e like me keʻano o ka nui o ka bolit × 4 mau kolamu (i ka hoʻohuiʻana, aiaʻo 96
Ke hōʻike nei i ka pono o kēia poʻe loea, he curle sticling e hoʻopili ana i kahi mea e kū ana,ʻelua mau colotani kiʻekiʻe. Pono ka carcuit i ka caprage canacitor e hoʻopaʻiʻia ma 9v a laila e holo ana i keʻano o ka nui o nā mlcsʻelua o 160 ° C. ʻOluʻolu,ʻelua mau mlcs kaupaona wale nō 0.3g hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i kēia'ōnaehana nui. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi'ē aʻe i hiki ai i ka mea hoʻololi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ke hoʻololi i ka 400v a me 10-15V me 79% a me 79% a me ka manaʻo hoʻohui 11.3).
ʻO ka hope loa, loiloi mākou i ka maikaʻi o kēia mau modules o kēia mau mlus i hoʻohuli i ka Iniko Pale ma kaʻenehana uila. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa i weheweheʻiaʻo η o ka lanakila e like me ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka uila uila
Nā kiʻi 3a, B e hōʻike i ka hana kūpono η a me ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i ka hana o Olr. Hāʻawiʻia nā hoʻonohonoho dataʻelua no kahi kahua uila o 195 kv cm-1. ʻO ka maikaʻi Eia nō naʻe, no ka nui o ka mahana o 10 k mai 25 ʻO kēiaʻelua mau mea iʻikeʻia no nā mea iʻikeʻia no NLP i hoʻopaʻaʻia ma PMN-PTR (ηr = 19%) 18 (Ref. 18). ʻO keʻano o ka heleʻana ma lalo o 10 kʻaʻole i noʻonoʻoʻia no ka mea he nui ka hysteresis o ka pst mt mlc ma waena o ka hopena o ka hana ma waena o ka hana. I kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo nā waiwai kūpono loa o η a me η 3a, b. ʻO kēia ma muli o kahi hoʻololi o keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ka wāʻaʻole i noiʻia a me keʻano o ka mahana o ka mahana TC ma kahi o 20 ° C i kēia mau MLCS (hoʻohui hoʻohui
A, B, i ka pono o ka hana o ka olson i ka olson ma keʻano o ka mahana Δtspan.
ʻO ka nānāʻana o ka nānāʻana iʻelua mau manaʻo nuiʻelua: (2)ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia mau mea i nā manawa holo kokoke i TC. ʻOiai e hōʻikeʻia ana nā hopena nui nui i kā mākou mau hoʻokolohua,ʻaʻole eʻaeʻia ka palena palena palena i hiki ke hoʻokō iā mākou ma muli o ka palena o ka cartolt. Eia naʻe,ʻo ka hana maikaʻi loa e hōʻikeʻia e kēia mau pst mlcs e hōʻoia i ka wā e hana anaʻo ia i ka mahana o ka makahiki he 30 E hōʻea i kēia mau waiwai a ho'āʻo i ka manaʻo, e pono ke hoʻohana i nā psts i hanaʻia me nā tcs'ē aʻe a me nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia e ka sams. Hōʻike lākou iā TC ma PST hiki i ka PST keʻano mai 3 ° C (SB DOPPING) i 33 No laila, he hypothesize e pili ana i kēlā me kēia hanauna Pyerolectric e pili ana i nā mea hana pst mlc a me nā mea'ē aʻe i hiki ke hoʻokūkū maikaʻi.
I kēia noiʻi, ua noiʻi mākou i nā mlcs i hanaʻia mai PST. ʻO kēia mau mea e pili ana i kahiʻano o nā PT a me PST nā mea koho PT a me nā mea e pili ana i kekahi mau koho e pili ana i nā koho. Ua kohoʻiaʻo PST no ka mea he mea maikaʻi loa ia a no laila he mea maikaʻi maikaʻi loa. Hōʻikeʻia kahi mea i hana muaʻiaʻo Friend Friend-Paraeplectric Ma kēia noiʻi, ua hoʻohana mākou ma 10.4 × 7 7.2 × 1 × 1,25 MM³ MLCS. MLCs me kahi mānoanoa o 1 mm a me 0.5 mm i hanaʻia mai 19 a me 9 mau papa o ka pst me kahi mānoanoa o 38.6 μom. I nā hihiaʻelua, ua kauʻia ka papa o loko ma waena o 2.05 μM i nā electrodide platinum. ʻO ka hoʻolālāʻana o kēia mau mlcs e manaʻo ana he 55% o nā psts he ikaika, e pili ana i ka'āpana ma waena o nā electrodes (hoʻohui hoʻohuiʻia 1). ʻO ka wahi electrode ikaika he 48.7 mm2 (propsplementary papa 5). Ua hoʻomākaukauʻiaʻo MLC PST e e ka hana paʻa paʻa a me ke kauʻana i keʻano. Ua weheweheʻia nā kiko'ī o ka hana hoʻomākaukau i kahiʻatikala ma mua. ʻO kekahi o nāʻokoʻa ma waena o PST MLC aʻo kaʻatikala ma mua ke kauoha o B-pūnaewele, e hoʻopilikia nui i ka hana o ka EC ma PST. ʻO ke kauoha o B-Pūnaewele o PST MLC he 0.75 (hoʻohui hoʻohuiʻia 2) i loaʻa ma nā hola he 1000 ° C. No kaʻike hou aku ma PST MST MLC, E nānā i nā hoʻohui hoʻohui hoʻohui
ʻO ka manaʻo nui o kēia noiʻi e hoʻokumuʻia ma keʻano o ka olson cycle (Fig. 1). No ia mau pulupulu, pono mākou i kahi mea wela wela a me ke anuanu a me kahi mana mana e hiki ai ke nānā aku a me nā mea e pili ana i nāʻano mlc. Ua hoʻohanaʻia kēia mau hana kūpono iʻelua mau hoʻonohonohoʻana iʻelua mau mea e pili ana i nā modules I ka hihia hope loa, he wai kaiʻai (silcooneʻaila me kahi viscosity o 5 cp ma waena o nā mea kūʻai akuʻelua ʻO ka restittir reservoir i kahi pahu aniani piha i hoʻopihaʻia me ka wai nui a kauʻia ma luna o ka papa o ka papa. ʻO ka paleʻana o ka wai i loko o kahiʻauʻau wai me nā kahe wai e loaʻa ana i ka wai lepo lepo i piha i ka wai nui i piha i ka wai a me ka hau. ʻElua mau alaheleʻekoluʻekolu E hōʻoia i ka hoʻopiliʻana o ka Thermal i waena o ka paila PST-MLC a me ka pākeke, ua hoʻonuiʻia i ka pā o ka PST-MLC ʻO nā mea i hōʻikeʻia ka Python i nā mea hana a pau
Eia nō, ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo mākou i kēia mau ana pololei o ka ikehu i hōʻiliʻiliʻia me nāʻano likeʻole. Hoʻokumuʻia kēia mau ala kūlike i ka neʻeʻana o ka uila (d) i ke kiʻi 2. .1b. Ua hōʻiliʻiliʻia kēia mau loops de me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mika maikaʻiʻo Keitley.
He iwakāluakūmāwalu mau 1 mm mānoanoa pst mlcs i'ākoakoa i loko o kahi papa 4-Row, 7-column paral e like me ka hoʻolālā i hōʻikeʻia ma keʻano. 14.ʻO ka wai kahawai ma waena o nā lālani pst-mlc he 0.75mm. Loaʻaʻia kēia ma ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā'āpana o nā'āpana pālua e like me nā kikowaena wai e puni ana i nā kihi o ka pst mlc. ʻO ka PST MLC ka mea i hoʻopiliʻia ma keʻano heʻano kālā me kahi kālā epoxy kālā e hoʻopili ai me nā alakaʻi electrode. Ma hope o kēlā, ua hōʻiliʻiliʻia nā wires me ka epoxs kālā kālā i kēlā me kēiaʻaoʻao o nā'āpana electrode no ka pilina. ʻO ka hope loa, e hoʻokomo i ka hana holoʻokoʻa i loko o ka polyolefin hou. ʻO ka mea hope loa e hele ai i ka wai wai e hōʻoia ai i ka hōʻailona kūpono. ʻO ka hope loa, 0.25 mm i kūkuluʻia i nā thermocouples k-type tormocouples i kūkuluʻia i kēlā me kēia hopena o ka pā o ka PST-MLC e nānā ai i nā wela o ka inlet a me waho. E hana i kēia, pono e hoʻonā muaʻia ka hose. Ma hope o ka hoʻokomoʻana i ka thermocouple, e hoʻopili i nāʻano like like ma mua o ka wā ma mua o ka hale o ka thermocouple a me nā kaula e hoʻihoʻi i ka hōʻailona.
Ua kūkuluʻiaʻewalu mau set iʻelua,ʻehā o kahi i loaʻa 40 0 ​​1 mau lainaʻehā, a he 8 mau lālani nui o nā paliki mau. I ka 3 kolamu ʻO ka nui o nā helu PST MST MLCS i hoʻohanaʻia he 220 (160 0.5 mm mānoanoa a 60 pst mlc 1 mm mānoanoa). Kāhea mākou i kēia mau manawaʻelua subunits harv2_160 a me Harv2_60. ʻO ka wai wai i loko o ka prototype harv2_1660 i loaʻa iʻelua mau'āpanaʻelua i loko o ka uila 0.25 mm i waena o lākou. No ka Harv2_60 prototype, ua haʻi mākou i ke kaʻina hana like, akā me ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka helu 0.38 mm. No Symmetry, Harv2_160 a me Harv2_60 i kā lākou mau kīʻaha koko ʻElua mau papa o nā harv2 e kaʻana like i kahi mea wela wela, he pahu 3 lit (30 cm x 20 cm x 10 cm) ma nā papa kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā meaʻeluaʻelua mau prototypes e pili ana i ka hoʻopiliʻiaʻana o ka paralal. Ka harv2_160 a me harv2_60 mau subunits e hana i ka hana like o ka olson
E kau i ka 0.5mm pack pst mlc i loko o polyolefin hose me ka helu pālua a me nā kelepona ma nā wahiʻelua e hele ai. Ma muli o kāna liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ua kauʻia ka prototype ma hope o kahi pā wela a iʻole ke anuanu
Ma PST MLC, ua noiʻia kahi pāʻoihana uila ma ka noiʻana i kahi uku mau i ka lālā o ka pā. Ma muli o kahi hopena, he mea maikaʻiʻole keʻano o keʻano o keʻano a me ka ikaika. Ma hope o ka hōʻehaʻana i ka PST MST MLC, ua laweʻia ke kahua (V = 0) ʻO ka hope loa, me kahi voltage v = 0 i noiʻia, e hoʻihoʻiʻia nā plc psts i ko lākou mahana mua e hoʻomaka hou. I kēia hana,ʻaʻole i hōʻiliʻiliʻia ka ikaika. Holo aku mākou i ka cycle o Olsesen me ka hoʻohanaʻana i kahi kumuʻo Keithley 2410, e kau ana i ka ptc molc mai kahi kumukūʻai kūpono.
I nā hanaʻinoʻana,ʻo PST MLCS i hoʻopiʻiʻia ma keʻano he Viltage Source Mania (0) I nā hanaʻinoʻana,ʻo PST MLCS i hoʻopiʻiʻia ma keʻano he Viltage Source Mania (0) Враклахенга Pst Mc оля берай Иня Отемом абнениеня kuaiотлие, так чтапчто этним пкокергсок с осрато тем Miера satan. I nā wā e hoʻomoʻi ai i nā plc mt mlc, ua hoʻopaʻiʻia lākou ma keʻano Voltage Source Ma ka mana o kaʻenehana在斯特林循环中, pST mlc 在电压源模式 mau pepeiao 以初始电场值 (初始电压 vi> 0) 秒 (并且收集了足够 (并且收集了足够 Ma keʻano o ka haku kāne, ua hoʻopiʻiʻia ka PST MTC ma ka waihona kālā mua ma mua o keʻano o ka hanaʻana (a i hōʻiliʻiliʻia ma keʻano he nui. В цтирлин Maka Pst MC tes ППд MAKOA MINCсости таковнио костовлоза Тем Miоль ​​Pake Hookahi I keʻano o ka stightling, ua hoʻopiʻiʻia ka pst mlc i keʻano o keʻano o ka uila (0)Ma mua o ka loaʻaʻana o nā kīwaha pst mlc, e wehe i ka cairtit ma ka noiʻana i kahi mea e pili ana i kēia manawa i hiki i ke kumu kūʻai ke kau aku nei he 10 na). Ma muli o kahi hopena, e noho ana kahi uku ma ka pst o ka mt o ka mjk, a hoʻonui ka uila e like me ka pauʻana o ka sample. ʻAʻole i hōʻiliʻiliʻia ka ikaika i ka lima bc no ka mea = 0 ma. Ma hope o ka hōʻeaʻana i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka nui o ka boltage ma ka ft ft e hoʻonuiʻia (ma kekahi mau manawa he nui. Ua hoʻi houʻia nā mea i kēia manawa i kēia manawa i ka mika-kumu. Ma muli o ka waiwai o ka Voltage,ʻoi aku ka ikaika i mālamaʻia ma ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka mea i hoʻolakoʻia ma ka hoʻomakaʻana o keʻano. ʻO ka hopena, ua loaʻa ka ikaika ma ka hoʻololiʻana i ka wela i ka uila.
Ua hoʻohana mākou i kahi kumukuaiʻo Keithley 2410 i ka nānāʻana i ka Voltage a me kēia manawa i pili i ka PST MLC. Ua heluʻia ka ikaika e pili ana i ka hoʻohuiʻana i ka huahana o ka Voltage a me kēia manawa i heluheluʻia e keʻano o Keithley. " Ma ko mākou wahi ikaika,ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ikaika o ka ikehu e hāʻawi ai iā mākou e hāʻawi i ka ikaika MLC, a loaʻa i ka ikaika. ʻO ka mana pili no kahi kiʻi o ke kiʻi i hāʻawiʻia e ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ka ikehu i hōʻiliʻiliʻia e ka manawa τ i ka manawa hoʻokahi.
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KeʻenaʻOihana Kūʻai Kūʻai a me nāʻenehana