Me ka ulu ʻana o ka alumini i loko o ka ʻoihana hana welding, a me kona ʻae ʻia ʻana ma ke ʻano he koho maikaʻi loa i ke kila no nā noi he nui, ke hoʻonui nei nā koi no ka poʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā papahana alumini e kamaʻāina hou i kēia pūʻulu mea.No ka hoʻomaopopo piha ʻana i ka alumini, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana alumini / inoa inoa, ka nui o nā alumini alumini i loaʻa a me kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona.

ʻO ka Aluminum Alloy Temper and Designation System- Ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ʻo ka Aluminum Association Inc. ke kuleana no ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana i nā alumini alumini.I kēia manawa aia ma luna o 400 alumini alumini a me alumini alumini a ma luna o 200 alumini alumini ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻolei ʻana a me nā ingots i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia me ka Hui Aluminum.Aia i loko o ka Hui Aluminum nā palena hoʻohui kemika no kēia mau mea i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻiaBuke Teali kapa ʻia ʻo "Nā Hoʻohālikelike International Alloy a me nā palena hoʻohui kemika no nā Aluminum Wrought and Wrought Aluminum Alloys" a ma kā lākouBuke Pinki kapa ʻia ʻo "Nā Hoʻohālikelike a me nā Palena Hoʻohui Kemika no nā Aluminum Alloys ma ke ʻano o nā Castings a me Ingot.Hiki ke kōkua nui kēia mau puke i ka ʻenekinia wiliwili i ka wā e hoʻomohala ai i nā kaʻina hana wiliwili, a i ka wā e noʻonoʻo ʻia ai ke kemika a me kona hui pū ʻana me ka ʻike māwae.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā alumini alumini i loko o nā pūʻulu e pili ana i nā ʻano o nā mea kikoʻī e like me kona hiki ke pane i ka wela a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mechanical a me ka mea hoʻohui mua i hoʻohui ʻia i ka alumini alumini.Ke noʻonoʻo nei mākou i ka ʻōnaehana helu / ʻike i hoʻohana ʻia no nā alumini alumini, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano o luna.ʻO nā alumini i hana ʻia a hoʻolei ʻia he mau ʻōnaehana like ʻole o ka ʻike.ʻO ka ʻōnaehana hana he ʻōnaehana 4-helu a ʻo ka hoʻolei ʻana he 3-helu a me 1-decimal place system.

Pūnaehana Hoʻokaʻina Wrought Alloy- E noʻonoʻo mua mākou i ka ʻōnaehana hōʻailona alumini alumini 4-helu.ʻO ka huahelu mua (Xxxx) hōʻike i ka mea hoʻohui nui, i hoʻohui ʻia i ka alumini alumini a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e wehewehe i ka moʻo alumini alumini, ʻo ia hoʻi, 1000 series, 2000 series, 3000 series, a hiki i 8000 series (see table 1).

ʻO ka huahelu hoʻokahi ʻelua (xXxx), inā ʻokoʻa mai ka 0, e hōʻike ana i kahi hoʻololi o ka huila kikoʻī, a me nā huahelu ʻekolu a me ka hā (xxXX) he mau helu kūʻokoʻa i hāʻawi ʻia no ka ʻike ʻana i kahi huila kikoʻī i ka moʻo.Laʻana: Ma ka huila 5183, hōʻike ka helu 5 i ka moʻo magnesium alloy, ʻo ka 1 e hōʻike ana ʻo ia ka 1^stka hoʻololi ʻana i ka huila kumu 5083, a ʻo ka 83 e ʻike iā ia ma ka moʻo 5xxx.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa wale nō o kēia ʻōnaehana helu alloy me ka 1xxx series alumini alumini (nā alumini maʻemaʻe) ma ia hihia, ʻo nā huahelu 2 hope loa e hāʻawi i ka pākēneka alumini liʻiliʻi ma luna o 99%, ʻo ia hoʻi, Alloy 13(50)(99.50% alumini liʻiliʻi).

PANAHANA HOOLAHA ALUMINIUM ALLOY

Papa 1

Koho Alloy Cast- Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokaʻina hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma ka 3 huahelu-me ka helu decimal xxx.x (ie 356.0).ʻO ka huahelu mua (Xxx.x) hōʻike i ka mea hoʻohui nui, i hoʻohui ʻia i ka alumini alumini (e nānā i ka papa 2).

KĀNĀ HOʻOHANA HOʻOHAʻI ALUMINIUM ALLOY

Papa 2

ʻO ka helu ʻelua a me ke kolu (xXX.x) he mau helu kūʻokoʻa i hāʻawi ʻia no ka ʻike ʻana i kahi huila kikoʻī i ka moʻo.ʻO ka helu ma hope o ka helu decimal e hōʻike ana inā he hoʻolei (.0) ka huila a i ʻole he ingot (.1 a i ʻole .2).Hōʻike ka prefix huaʻōlelo nui i ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi alloy kūikawā.
Laʻana: Alloy – A356.0 ke kapikala A (Axxx.x) hōʻike i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka huila 356.0.ʻO ka helu 3 (A3xx.x) hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia no ka hui silikona me ke keleawe a/a i ʻole ka magnesium.ʻO ka 56 in (Ax56.0) hoʻomaopopo i ka huila i loko o ka moʻo 3xx.x, a me ka .0 (Axxx.0) e hōʻike ana he hoʻolei ʻano hope loa a ʻaʻole he ingot.

ʻO ka Pūnaehana Hoʻohanohano Aluminum -Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā alumini alumini, e ʻike mākou he nui nā ʻokoʻa i kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona a me ka hoʻohana ʻana.ʻO ka mea mua e ʻike ai, ma hope o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana ʻike, aia ʻelua mau ʻano alumini like ʻole i loko o ka moʻo i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna.ʻO kēia nā Aluminum Aluminum Heat Treatable (nā mea hiki ke loaʻa ka ikaika ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka wela) a me nā Aluminum Non-Heat Treatable Aluminum.He mea koʻikoʻi kēia ʻokoʻa i ka wā e noʻonoʻo ai i ka hopena o ka welding arc ma kēia mau ʻano mea ʻelua.

ʻO ka 1xxx, 3xxx, a me 5xxx moʻo alumini alumini ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama i ka wela a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia wale nō.ʻO ka 2xxx, 6xxx, a me 7xxx series i hana ʻia i nā alumini alumini hiki ke mālama ʻia i ka wela a ʻo ka moʻo 4xxx i loaʻa nā ʻāpana hiki ke mālama ʻia me ka wela ʻole.Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka wela o ka 2xx.x, 3xx.x, 4xx.x a me 7xx.x series cast alloys.ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia ka paʻakikī paʻakikī i ka hoʻolei ʻana.

Loaʻa i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wela i ko lākou mau waiwai mīkini maikaʻi loa ma o ke kaʻina o ka mālama wela, ʻo ka mālama wela maʻamau ka Solution Heat Treatment a me Artificial Aging.ʻO ka Solution Heat Treatment ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka huila i kahi mahana kiʻekiʻe (ma kahi o 990 Deg. F) i mea e hoʻokomo ai i nā mea hoʻohui a i ʻole nā ​​​​hui i loko o ka hopena.Hoʻopili ʻia kēia me ke kinai ʻana, maʻamau i loko o ka wai, e hana i kahi hopena supersaturated ma ka lumi wela.Hoʻopau pinepine ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka wela me ka ʻelemakule.ʻO ka ʻelemakule ka ua o kahi ʻāpana o nā mea a i ʻole nā ​​​​hui mai kahi hopena supersaturated i mea e loaʻa ai nā waiwai i makemake ʻia.

Loaʻa i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wela ʻole i ko lākou mau waiwai mechanical ma o Strain Hardening.ʻO ka paʻakikī paʻakikī ke ʻano o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikaika ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana anu.T6, 6063-T4, 5052-H32, 5083-H112.

NA HOOLAHA MAHELE KUMU

Papa 3

Ma waho aʻe o ka wehewehe ʻana i ka huhū maʻamau, aia ʻelua ʻāpana māhele, ʻo kekahi e kamaʻilio ana i ka "H" Temper - Strain Hardening, a ʻo kekahi e ʻōlelo ana i ka "T" Temper - Thermally Treated designation.

Mahele o H Temper - Strain Hardened

Hōʻike ka huahelu mua ma hope o ka H i kahi hana maʻamau:
H1- Hoʻopaʻa paʻa wale.
H2– Hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa hapa ʻia.
H3- Hoʻopaʻa paʻa a paʻa i ke kānana.
H4- Hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia a i ʻole ʻia a pena ʻia.

ʻO ka huahelu ʻelua ma hope o ka H e hōʻike ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakikī paʻakikī:
HX2– HX Paʻa Hāhā4– Hapa Paʻa HX6– ʻEkolu Haʻahaʻa Paʻa
HX8– HX paakiki piha9– Paʻakikī Paʻakikī

Māhele o T Temper – Hana ʻia me ka wela

T1- He ʻelemakule maoli ma hope o ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana mai kahi kaʻina hana hoʻokiʻekiʻe wela, e like me ka extruding.
T2- Hana ʻia ke anu ma hope o ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana mai kahi kaʻina hana hoʻonaninani kiʻekiʻe a laila ʻelemakule maoli.
T3- Hoʻoponopono i mālama ʻia me ka wela, hana anu a ʻelemakule maoli.
T4- Hoʻoponopono i mālama ʻia me ka wela a ʻelemakule maoli.
T5- Ua ʻelemakule maoli ma hope o ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana mai kahi kaʻina hana hoʻonaninani kiʻekiʻe.
T6- ʻO ka hopena i mālama ʻia me ka wela a me ka ʻelemakule.
T7- Hoʻoponopono i ka wela a hoʻopaʻa ʻia (overaged).
T8- ʻO ka hopena i mālama ʻia me ka wela, ka hana anu a me ka ʻelemakule.
T9- ʻO ka hopena i mālama ʻia i ka wela, hana ʻia i ka wā kahiko a me ke anu.
T10- Hana ʻia ke anu ma hope o ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana mai kahi kaʻina hana hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana o ka mahana a laila ʻelemakule.

Hōʻike nā huahelu hou i ka hoʻomaha pilikia.
Nā laʻana:
TX51a i ʻole TXX51- Hoʻomaha ʻia ke kaumaha ma ke kau ʻana.
TX52a i ʻole TXX52- Hoʻopau ʻia ke kaumaha ma ka hoʻoomi ʻana.

Aluminum Alloys a me ko lakou mau ano- Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i nā pūʻulu ʻehiku o nā alumini alumini, e mahalo mākou i kā lākou ʻokoʻa a hoʻomaopopo i kā lākou noi a me nā ʻano.

1xxx Series Alloys- (ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama i ka wela - me ka ikaika tensile hope loa o 10 a 27 ksi) ʻike pinepine ʻia kēia moʻo ma ke ʻano he moʻo alumini maʻemaʻe no ka mea pono e loaʻa ka 99.0% alumini liʻiliʻi.Hiki ke weldable lākou.Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o kā lākou haʻahaʻa hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, pono lākou i kekahi mau noʻonoʻo i mea e hana ai i nā kaʻina hana kuʻi.Ke noʻonoʻo ʻia no ka hana ʻana, koho mua ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana no ko lākou pale ʻana i ka corrosion maikaʻi e like me nā pahu kemika kūikawā a me nā paipu, a i ʻole no kā lākou conductivity uila maikaʻi loa e like me nā noi bus bar.ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa kēia mau mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a ʻaʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia no nā hana hoʻolālā maʻamau.Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana kumu me nā mea hoʻopihapiha hoʻopihapiha a i ʻole me 4xxx filler alloys hilinaʻi i ka noi a me nā koi hana.

2xxx Series Alloys- (hiki ke mālama ʻia ka wela– me ka ikaika tensile hope loa o 27 a 62 ksi) ʻo ia nā alumini / keleawe (nā hoʻohui keleawe mai 0.7 a 6.8%), a he ikaika kiʻekiʻe, nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka aerospace a me nā noi mokulele.Loaʻa iā lākou ka ikaika maikaʻi ma luna o kahi ākea ākea.Ua manaʻo ʻia kekahi o kēia mau alloys ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā kaʻina wili arc ma muli o ko lākou maʻalahi i ka haʻihaʻi wela a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka haki ʻana;akā naʻe, ua wili maikaʻi ʻia kekahi me nā kaʻina hana kuʻi pololei.Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia kēia mau mea kumu me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe 2xxx series filler alloys i hoʻolālā ʻia e kūlike i kā lākou hana, akā hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i kekahi manawa me ka 4xxx series fillers i loaʻa ke silikoni a i ʻole silika a me ke keleawe, e hilinaʻi ana i ka noi a me nā koi lawelawe.

3xxx Series Alloys- (ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama i ka wela - me ka ikaika tensile hope loa o 16 a 41 ksi) ʻO kēia nā alumini / manganese alloys (nā hoʻohui manganese mai 0.05 a 1.8%) a me ka ikaika haʻahaʻa, maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa corrosion, maikaʻi ke ʻano a kūpono. no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.ʻO kekahi o kā lākou hoʻohana mua ʻana he ipu a me nā pā, a ʻo lākou ka mea nui i kēia lā no nā mea hoʻololi wela i nā kaʻa a me nā mea kanu mana.ʻO ko lākou ikaika haʻahaʻa, akā naʻe, ke kāohi pinepine nei lākou i ko lākou noʻonoʻo ʻana no nā noi hoʻolālā.Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana kumu me 1xxx, 4xxx a me 5xxx series filler alloys, e hilinaʻi ana i kā lākou kemika kikoʻī a me nā koi kūikawā a me nā lawelawe lawelawe.

4xxx moʻo huila- (hiki ke mālama ʻia ka wela a me ka wela ʻole - me ka ikaika tensile hope loa o 25 a 55 ksi) ʻO kēia nā alumini / silicon alloys (nā hoʻohui silicon mai ka 0.6 a 21.5%) a ʻo ia wale nō ka moʻo i loaʻa i ka wela wela a me ka non- nā mea hoʻohui wela.ʻO ka silikoni, ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka alumini, e hoʻemi i kona wahi heheʻe a hoʻomaikaʻi i kona wai i ka wā i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.Pono kēia mau hiʻohiʻona no nā mea hoʻopihapiha i hoʻohana ʻia no ka fusion welding a me ka brazing.No laila, ʻike nui ʻia kēia pūʻulu o nā alaleʻa ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopihapiha.ʻO Silicon, kūʻokoʻa i ka alumini, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama i ka wela;akā naʻe, ua hoʻolālā ʻia kekahi helu o kēia mau ʻāpana silika e loaʻa i nā mea hoʻohui o ka magnesium a i ʻole ke keleawe, e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka hiki ke pane maikaʻi i ka hoʻonā wela.ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea hoʻopihapiha hoʻopiha wela i ka wā e kau ʻia ai kahi mea welded i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela ma hope o ka weld.

5xxx Series Alloys- (ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama i ka wela - me ka ikaika tensile hope loa o 18 a 51 ksi) ʻO kēia nā alumini alumini / magnesium (nā hoʻohui magnesium mai ka 0.2 a hiki i ka 6.2%) a loaʻa ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe loa o nā mea hiki ke mālama ʻole i ka wela.Eia kekahi, hiki ke weldable kēia moʻo alloy, a no kēia mau kumu i hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻano hana like ʻole e like me ke kūkulu moku, ka lawe ʻana, nā moku kaomi, nā alahaka a me nā hale.Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka magnesium base alloys me nā mea hoʻopihapiha hoʻopihapiha, i koho ʻia ma hope o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka ʻike magnesium o ka mea kumu, a me ka noi a me nā kūlana lawelawe o ka mea welded.ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia nā huila i loko o kēia pūʻulu me ka magnesium ʻoi aku ma mua o 3.0% no ka lawelawe wela kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 150 deg F ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke hoʻonaʻauao a hiki i ka hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka pohā ʻino.Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā mea hao kumu me ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 2.5% magnesium me ka 5xxx a i ʻole 4xxx series filler alloy.Hoʻomaopopo maʻamau ʻia ʻo ka base alloy 5052 ma ke ʻano he nui loa o ka magnesium content base alloy hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia me kahi 4xxx series filler alloy.Ma muli o nā pilikia e pili ana i ka hoʻoheheʻe eutectic a me nā waiwai mechanical like-welded e pili ana, ʻaʻole ia e ʻōlelo ʻia e wili i nā mea i loko o kēia pūʻulu alloy, aia ka nui o ka magnesium me nā mea hoʻopihapiha 4xxx series.Hoʻopili wale ʻia nā mea waihona kumu magnesium kiʻekiʻe me 5xxx filler alloys, ka mea maʻamau e kūlike me ka haku mele kumu.

6XXX Series Alloys- (hiki ke mālama ʻia i ka wela - me ka ikaika tensile hope loa o 18 a 58 ksi) ʻO kēia nā alumini / magnesium - silicon alloys (magnesium a me nā hoʻohui silika ma kahi o 1.0%) a ʻike nui ʻia i loko o ka ʻoihana hana wiliwili, hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke ʻano o extrusions, a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana hana he nui.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka magnesium a me ke silika i ka alumini ka mea e hoʻohui ai i ka magnesium-silicid, e hāʻawi ana i kēia mea i kona hiki ke lilo i hoʻonā wela i mālama ʻia no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikaika.ʻO kēia mau mea hoʻohuihui he mea maʻalahi loa ia, a no kēia kumu, ʻaʻole pono lākou e hoʻopili ʻia me ka autogenously (me ka ʻole o ka mea hoʻopihapiha).ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka nui o nā mea hoʻopihapiha i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana kuʻi ʻana arc he mea nui ia i mea e hāʻawi ai i ka dilution o ka mea kumu, no laila e pale ai i ka pilikia ʻeha wela.Hoʻopili ʻia lākou me nā mea hoʻopihapiha 4xxx a me 5xxx, e hilinaʻi ana i ka noi a me nā koi lawelawe.

7XXX moʻo huila- (hiki ke mālama ʻia i ka wela - me ka ikaika tensile hope loa o 32 a 88 ksi) ʻO kēia nā alumini / zinc alloys (nā hoʻohui zinc mai 0.8 a 12.0%) a loaʻa kekahi o nā alumini alumini ikaika kiʻekiʻe loa.Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia mau alloys i nā noi hana kiʻekiʻe e like me ka mokulele, aerospace, a me nā mea hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū.E like me ka 2xxx series of alloys, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia pūʻulu i nā alloys i manaʻo ʻia he mau moho kūpono ʻole no ka wili arc, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i wili pinepine ʻia me ka holomua.ʻO nā huila wili maʻamau i kēia pūʻulu, e like me 7005, ua wili nui ʻia me nā 5xxx series filler alloys.

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo- ʻO nā alumini alumini o kēia lā, a me ko lākou mau ʻano ʻokoʻa, i loko o kahi ākea ākea o nā mea hana.No ka hoʻolālā huahana maikaʻi loa a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kaʻina hana kuʻi ʻana, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka nui o nā alloys i loaʻa a me kā lākou hana like ʻole a me nā ʻano weldability.I ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe arc no kēia mau ʻāpana like ʻole, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka alloy kikoʻī e welded ʻia.Ua ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia ʻaʻole paʻakikī ka wili ʻana o ka alumini, "he ʻokoʻa wale nō".Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei au he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau ʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ke kamaʻāina i nā ʻano huila like ʻole, ko lākou ʻano, a me kā lākou ʻōnaehana ʻike.